Peer Pressure And Social Media - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1341 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/05/29 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Peer Pressure Essay Did you like this example? Peer pressure in modern society is intensified by social media, countless individuals are addicted to it, and are slaves to comparing themselves to others. It is an omnipresent influence in daily life, and many cant go a single hour without scrolling through feeds. Individuals allow social media to shape their decisions, making individuals a slave to society just like the Allegory of the Cave about human, by Plato. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Peer Pressure And Social Media" essay for you Create order The Allegory of the Cave is about human perception, the slaves didnt know they were in slavery. Peer pressure is not as overt as it used to be, it can be in the form of likes and comments on the internet, it uses this tactic to keep individuals enslaved. It specifically targets youths who are easily pressured into illusion, over truth. Teenagers are the most disenfranchised by social media because they are young and looking for answers about life choices like, what to wear, what to do, and who to look up to. Bullies prey on teenage insecurities during that developmental inquiry, and use the internet as a tool to peer pressure them into conforming to the group. Social media has intensified all aspects of peer pressure, and has drastically changed the lives of adolescents. As we all know from personal experience, teenagers do not always make the right decisions. For example, many would choose eating pizza every night as opposed to salad. They know that salad is better for them, but they choose to eat the pizza anyways. However, many teenagers will know that something is detrimental to their health and choose to do it nonetheless because everyone is doing it. Many have heard of the recent, tide pod challenge where teens and young adults bite into the liquid laundry detergent and watch the soap erupt from their mouths. Obviously this is an extremely hazardous and idiotic thing to do, but it was trending. It was gaining likes and comments, and the pressure to be popular outweighed the potential risks. The same applies for drinking, and taking drugs. Underage drinking and partying is idolized over the internet, the more intoxicated you are, the more attention you recieve. Many post pictures of their drinks, and videos of themselves and friends completely w asted because it attracts attention on social media. It isnt enough to have one or two drinks, many are pressured into binge drinking because of the reaction it receives, More than 90% of the alcohol consumed by underage drinkers occurs during binge drinking episodes. (Gonzales). Again, the pressure to be popular and fit in, outweighed the potential risks. They know that binge drinking can cause, nausea, stupidity, rapid heart rate, and even blacking out. Yet by throwing up and blacking out, they will only attract more recognition from peers. Teenagers make bad decisions and unconsciously pressure others into participating when they receive positive attention, for a negative activity. Teenagers need to know that itrs only an illusion that everyone is doing it, so that they can try to avoid peer pressure. Teenagers are pressured into sexual activity over social media, and are targets for sexual harassment by adults 18+. When the app Snapchat was created, it didnt take long before teenagers learned they could send sultry or inappropriate photos over the internet. They were soon pressured by their crushes to send pictures of their privates because they disappear afterwards. So what could be the harm? This for many young adults, was the first sexual activity they were introduced to. Again, teenagers do not make good decisions and popularized sending nudes in attempt to make it a normal part of flirting with someone over the internet. It doesnt stop there, many will send complete strangers photos of their intimates and many of those strangers are over 18. Perverts and child molesters alike use social media to prey on childrenrs stupidity over the internet. They often use catfishing which is where a person uses someone elsers identity over the internet and talks to an unknowing person. Som etimes they dont bother to make another identity, they will lie about age, or simply convince the teen that they are trustworthy. The most scary of all, is when the adolescents have no idea their images are being saved, and even passed around, In 2016, an Australian website made world news when explicit photos of local school girls were being traded amongst users. Other sources and fan pages even started offering money to users who could find more photos of their favorites. Unbelievably, the worst part isnt even the fact that these girls are now being targeted, and their photos are being sold and traded by perverts, but rather that their images have been used without consent, and itrs very well possible that these girls are completely oblivious. (Lamm). Point being, perverts and child molesters are preying on these photos, that teenagers themselves have deemed acceptable to send on the internet. They arent able to differentiate between friend or foe, and they dont know they are being taken advantage of. Social media normalized sending naked pictures to friends and crushes, then because of that normalization, made teenagers relaxed about sending them to complete strangers. Teenagers could only see the illusion that social media created, when the truth was that they were being targeted and used. Teenagers were insecure about their body image even before the internet was created. Today, social media determines the standards of beauty, and if you dont fit within that standard you are often subject to bullying and harassment. Social media magnified the importance of looking flawless and created more pressure to fit in with the trends. With all the pressure to look flawless online, what someone looks like on the internet is not always what they look like in real life, While the influence of digitally altered images is one of many factors involved in mainstream media, most people can now curate their own images to their liking with a swipe of their fingertip, thanks in part to an array of free applications for smartphones. People now have the ability to add filters, brighten their eyes, craft how they want their body to appear, whiten teeth, and more. (Cole). Models, and celebrities alike edit and reconstruct their photos to make themselves look like the standard of beauty because the truth is that they dont fit into it either. The beauty standards are completely unachievable because they arent real. That celebrity has such a skinny waist because she edited it, but the girl who looks up to her and is starving herself to look like her, doesnt know that. Teenagers and adults go to disturbing lengths to achieve beauty standards, plastic surgery, waist training, starving themselves, and more. Social media creates unrealistic standards and illusions of beauty and then shames girls for not looking like that image. In recent years, social media has started to take steps towards revolutionizing those unachievable standards and teaching all people of different shapes, colors, and sizes to love themselves, but there is still far to go. In conclusion, social media is neither good nor bad, but is a platform that many have used for evil. Itrs bad when people believe that everything on the internet is true, and blindly follow its orders. Teenagers are not the only demographic that is affected by its false representation. My mom taught me not to eat tide pods, but she didnt teach me that beauty standards on the internet were outrageous because she didnt know. Parents dont know that their teens are being pressured online, because they dont even know that they themselves are being pressured online. Teenagers are the most disenfranchised by social media only because they are young and more gullible than adults. It didnt change our lives because we grew up with it, but definitions of peer pressure and bullying were immensely changed by it. My age group was born when social media was born, we dont know a life without it. Our parents didnt know the effects of it, we had to navigate it on our own, and we were the lab rats.

Racism, Ethnicity, And Age - 918 Words

Have you ever been stereotyped? In most cases, the answer would be yes. The thing is, we are all guilty of it. At one point or another, we’ve stereotyped another person we have seen or know. A stereotype is defined as making a generalization of a group of people based on the actions of a few. People will generalize you based on your race, religion, ethnicity, and age. Stereotyping someone based of their race is what people seem to do most. I see it a lot in my own community. African Americans in general are stereotyped to be uneducated, poor, and criminals. While there are many who fit the stereotype, there are many that rose above and are outstanding citizens. Being an African American, I’ve been the victim of stereotyping for as long as I can rmember. I remember being one of six fifth graders chosen to respresent Alabama and a young leaders conference in Washongton D.C. I was blown away at the opportunity. I would have the opportunity to visit the White House, the Smithsonian, and many historical monuments. One the first day of the conference, I took my assigned seat next to a white family who was dropping off their daughter. The mother leaned over to me and she that she would’ve never expected someone from my background to be invited to this type of conference. I felt hurt when she expressed her thoughts to but it wasn’t fo r myself; I felt sorry for her daughter who overheard her mother. I knew her daughter wouldn’t understand that what her mother said was wrongShow MoreRelatedRacial And Ethnic Tensions That Can Affect Our Society1392 Words   |  6 PagesGood Evening Nortcentral High, Have you ever wondered why we discriminate or stereotype other individuals of a particular race, gender, age, or ethnicity? Because we live in world that is rapidly growing and becoming more diverse than ever, it is critical that we gain the knowledge and understanding of other cultures values, worldviews, and way of communication. In this lecture, we will address the racial and ethnic tensions that exist in our school. In addition, there will be a short play demonstratingRead More Covert Racism in America Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesCovert Racism in America Racism is still a very current issue in America today. By no means is racism as overt as it was fifty years ago with enforced segregation, but today racism is more covert and often hides behind closed doors to only strike out when least expected. Racism has been deceasing and will continue to be decreased only through education. Hopefully, one day racism will cease to exist. But, that day if possible is many years away. Racism still exists in America today. This isRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1626 Words   |  7 Pagesminorities (racism), in particular black children. Children are likely to face discrimination in comparison to adults because of their dependence and trust in adults. This is a major concern within the vocation area of children and young people as one of the most significant attributes of the sector is to maintain and provide a safe and welcoming environment whilst creating a trustworthy bond with each child/young person. Within British society there is the constant inevitability from racism throughoutRead More The Role of Ethnicity and Race in the Way Audiences Interpret Media Messages1598 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Ethnicity and Race in the Way Audiences Interpret Media Messages According to the sociological definition of race and ethnicity, there is a close interrelation between race and ethnicity. Race has not been defined by the biological difference that it is stood on the social construct. Race does not discriminate the skin color from others which is related to the ethnicity. Race is defined on the social construct which based on physical and cultural features (Fulcher Scott, 2007). Read MoreRace And Ethnicity : Race866 Words   |  4 Pagesoutcries for many years. The textbook, Rethinking the Color Line: Readings in Race and Ethnicity, goes into substantial detail about race and classifies it â€Å"as a social concept because the idea of race has changed over time.† It states that the categories of race are not clear, as it varies between countries. It recognizes the many interpretations of race, such as the religious, scientific, or social aspects of it. Racism has existed throughout human history. It is defined as the belief that a particularRead MoreRace, Racism, Or Ethnicity1559 Words   |  7 Pagesconnotations. Associated with ethnicity or racism, it created a lifelong debate about whether or not races are socially constructed. The aim of this essay will be firstly to establish clear definitions of words such as race, racism, or ethnicity, and secondly to explain the evolution of racism, from scientific racism to colour blind racism through the work of ideologists such as Gobineau and Eduardo Bonilla-Silva. In order to provide a clear understanding of racism and its evolution throughoutRead MoreRacism Is A Hurtful Form Of Discrimination1419 Words   |  6 Pageseveryday because they seem different of something they inherited, something they can’t control, with the justification of â€Å"It’s only a joke.† Racism is a hurtful form of discrimination that has been with us for hundreds of years and will never cease to exist; however we can reduce the amount of racism through exposure to different cultures and customs. Racism is said to exist when one ethnic group dominates or excludes another. Discrimination of race has been prevalent throughout every culture andRead MoreEssay about Portrayal of Different Ethnic Groups in the Media1221 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Media During the course of looking at education, and ethnicity issues I became interested in how ethnic groups were portrayed in the media. Although I haven’t studied this before, I wanted to do something different, but still apply the fundamental theories which I have studied. I have noticed how there seems to be a trend with all areas involving ethnicity, and personally feel there is racism and under-representation of ethnic groups on television, and definitely Read MoreStereotyping: The Nature of Prejudice1539 Words   |  7 Pagespeople understand and have gone through stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. Social Psychologists make a distinction between these by concentrating on either they include emotions, understanding, or attitudes. Racism is the influence, or reaction, visible feature of this triad. Racism includes a contradicting approach into individuals situated on their association in a specific organization. The psychological visible feature is stereotyping. Stereotypes are feelings concerning the characteristicsRead MoreCrash1243 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis Anjelica McCartney HUM/150 January 18, 2016 Victor Armenta Crash Movie Analysis Discrimination, racism, classism, prejudice and more plague today’s society. These horrible issues do not affect one race, sexes, class, ethnicity, or age group; these issues affect all races, both genders, all ethnicities, and all age groups. For this film analysis, I have chosen to discuss the racism portrayed throughout a three-time Oscar award winning movie called Crash. Summary Paul Haggis wrote, directed

The American Juvenile Justice System - 1043 Words

The American juvenile justice system had developed over the past century with a number of variables that makes it different from the adult criminal justice process. Juvenile justice advocates supports the differences on the youthful offenders. Juvenile crime policy over the course of the twentieth century talks about transferring the law’s conceptions of young offenders. Starting from the nineteenth century, many of the youths were tried and punished as adults. However, treatment of juveniles in the United States started to change. Reformers created a way where juveniles can be housed in special facilities. Their mission was to protect juvenile offenders by separating them from adults. Juvenile justice system focuses primarily on rehabilitation and help youths avoid a future of crime. Since then there have been many milestones and historical evolutions that can make juvenile justice an effective system. Because there was no real separate court or jail for juveniles in the nineteenth century, juveniles were treated on the same level as every other adult justice system allowing them susceptible to the same punishments as adults. In the beginning of the nineteenth century, society changed their views and how they viewed juvenile offenders. During the early years of the juvenile justice system, three major milestones have occurred; the child-saving movement, the concept of parens patriae, and the Illinois Juvenile Court Act. In our modern society, juvenile offenders are nowShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans And The Juvenile Justice System1248 Words   |  5 PagesRace and Sentencing It has been brought up that certain race and ethic affects a person’s sentencing. Many studies have addressed the question are African Americans treated more severely than similarly situated whites? (Mitchell, 2005). Observers had indeed noted that black defendants get more severe sentencing than white defendants do (Spohn, 1981). For many years’ social scientist has examined this theory and came up with three explanations, racial discrimination, Wealth discrimination, andRead MoreEssay on American Juvenile Justice System2008 Words   |  9 PagesThe American criminal justice system is comprised of criminal courts, correctional facilities, and law enforcement officials. Each of these components also make up the juvenile justice system but the operations of each differs with juveniles than with adults who are suspected of committing criminal acts. A juvenile offender is an individual under a certain age who is suspected of having committed a crime or a status offens e. A status offense is an offense that if committed by an adult, wouldRead MoreThe High Incarceration Rate Of Juveniles1748 Words   |  7 PagesThe high incarceration rate of juveniles is a significant social problem that affects society as a whole as well as the youth’s individual welfare and developmental trajectory. Adolescents who are incarcerated in the juvenile justice system face a multitude of negative lifelong implications. The history of incarcerating youth in residential facilities such as juvenile halls, camps, ranches or group homes as a consequence for committing crimes has a deep-rooted history in the United States. â€Å"For moreRead MoreJuvenile Justice Systems833 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Juvenile crime is a term around the world that is difficult to pinpoint and although there are several definitions many fail to be concrete. There are many factors that play into sentencing juveniles or minors upon a crime committed. How old are they? Can they mentally form criminal intent? Are they old enough to no longer be treated as children? Some people would argue that a criminal is just that, regardless of age. Research on the other hand shows that juveniles have underdevelopedRead MoreThe Effects Of Incarceration On The Social Of African American Juveniles1487 Words   |  6 PagesDisciplinary changes applied to the juvenile justice system in addition to negative impressions of juvenile males have caused juvenile male incarceration rates to surge. African American male juveniles encounter racial differences in society everyday due to view that media portrays them to be. Racial bias amongst these juvenile African American males is the principal cause of their incarceration rates climbing higher each year. The lives of these juveniles are seriously altered after being incarceratedRead MoreDisproportionate Minority Contact739 Words   |  3 Pagesdisproportionately represented throughout juvenile justice systems in nearly every state in the nation. Disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in juvenile justice occurs when minority youth come into contact with the system at a higher rate than their white counterparts. African-Americans, Hispanics, Asians, Pacific Islanders and Native Americans comprise a combined one-third of the nations youth population. Yet they account for over two-thirds of the youth in secure juvenile facilities (Armour Hammond,Read MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is Creating A Criminal Class758 Words   |  4 PagesSuch reactions and critiques of the juvenile justice system enforce the notion that the juvenile system is creating a criminal class. Black’s theory states that patterns of relationships between the parties inv olved in a case predict the styles and forms of social control, relationships between intimates would result in more informal handling of cases. Law and formal control arise when informal control is weak and unavailable. Legal control by the state develops when social control of familiesRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is Not Reflective Of Their National Population1612 Words   |  7 Pagesare roughly 79,000 adolescents held at juvenile facilities all across the United States (Sickmund Puzzanchera, 2014). Of that population, Latino and African American youth represent the majority of those in confinement. This is a problem because the overrepresentation of minorities within the juvenile justice system is not reflective of their national population percentages. Nationally, Latino and African American youth only comprise 38% of the total juvenile population combined, while CaucasianRead MoreShould Juvenile Offenders Be Punished?1423 Words   |  6 PagesTo Americans, justice is important. When harm is done to most Americans, often victims of harm say they want the juvenile offender to pay for what he/she has done. Making someone pay for the harm they have caused is an easy concept when it comes to adult offenders; however, what about juvenile offenders? Should juvenile offenders be punished for what he/she has done? When victims want the juvenile offender to be punished for the harm they have caused, this is called retributive justice. Often AmericansRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And The Criminal Justice System860 Words   |  4 PagesOnce youth is committed a crime he or she must face the criminal justice. Whether it is simple face to face contact with the police officer or trip to juvenile facility, juvenile is becoming part of the criminal justice system. For many youth it is their first contact with the justice system however for some others it is a very familiar process. So once juvenile is making face to face contact with the police officers, his life is in the hands of that officer who can make very important and sometime

Nuclear Warfare Between The Soviet Union And The Cold War

â€Å"The most terrifying moment in my life was October 1962, during the Cuban Missile Crisis†¦.† The Cuban Missile Crisis was started by the tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States, which shaped Communist Cuba; this was the brink of nuclear warfare between both sides that left its effects on both the world and the sides involved. The United States and Soviet Union were both involved in the Cold War, especially when tensions between the two reached a new high. As tensions were rising the island of Cuba decided to become a Communist nation that would trade nuclear weaponry. The trading would almost cause all out nuclear warfare, but it was solved leaving its own effects on the world. The Cold War would be a major contributing†¦show more content†¦Since combat was scarce, the war was mostly fought through propaganda, economic aid to other allies, military aid to other allies, political overthrow, and an arms race build up. These contributing f actors made the Cold War â€Å"cold†, although â€Å"hot war† features would soon set in. As tensions rose between the United States and the Soviet Union, the once â€Å"Cold War† became â€Å"hot.† Factors that contributed to rising tensions were political shifts and confrontations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Both superpowers had global connections with other nations, which made local conflicts a big part of the Cold War. In many of these local conflicts the United States and its allies supported one side, while the Soviet Bloc supported the other. This allowed the two superpowers to confront each other indirectly instead of head to head. In 1949, China was overrun by Communist forces, which scared the U.S. because of the domino theory. The domino theory stated that once one nation fell to Communism many more would follow like the falling of dominoes. During this time, many European colonies sought the help of either superpower to help them gain their independence. This is how the Cold War became very â€Å"hot.† In many battles f or independence, shooting wars broke out between the two sides, which included the two superpowers. In some places the brutal conflicts tore the

The Media’s Effect on Women’s Body Image Free Essays

The Media’s Effect on Women’s Body Image September 1, 2010 While women have made significant strides in the past decades, the culture at large continues to place a great emphasis on how women look. These beauty standards, largely proliferated through the media, have drastic impacts on young women and their body images. Arielle Cutler ’11, through a Levitt grant, spent the summer evaluating the efficacy of media literacy programs as a remedy to this vicious cycle. We will write a custom essay sample on The Media’s Effect on Women’s Body Image or any similar topic only for you Order Now Put simply, the beauty ideal in American culture is: thin. Large populations of ‘average’ girls do not demonstrate clinically diagnosable eating disorders—pathologies that the culture marks as extreme and unhealthy—but rather an entirely normative obsession with body shape and size,† Cutler said. â€Å"This ongoing concern is accepted as a completely normal and even inevitable part of being a modern girl. I think we need to change that. † Anyone who is familiar with American culture knows that many of these cultural standards are established in the media. â€Å"We are constantly surrounded by all sorts of media and we construct our identities in part through media images we see,† Cutler remarked. And the more girls are exposed to thin-ideal kinds of media, the more they are dissatisfied with their bodies and with themselves overall. The correlation between media image and body image has been proven; in one study, among European American and African American girls ages 7 – 12, greater overall television exposure predicted both a thinner ideal adult body shape and a higher level of disordered eating one year later. Adolescent girls are the most strongly affected demographic; â€Å"More and more 12-year-old girls are going on diets because they believe what you weigh determines your worth,† Cutler observed. When all you see is a body type that only two percent of the population has, it’s difficult to remember what’s real and what’s reasonable to expect of yourself and everyone else. † As women have become increasingly aware of the effect of media on their body images, they have started media literacy programs to make women and girls more aware of the messages they are inadvertently consuming. â€Å"Media literacy programs promote an understanding of the effect media has on individual consumers and society at large. These programs aim to reveal the ideologies and messages embedded in the media images that we encounter on a daily basis,† Cutler said. Advertising, she asserts, draws on people’s insecurities to convince them to buy a product, and few populations are as insecure overall as adolescent girls—which is why media literacy programs are so important for them. In programs such as that designed by national organization Girls, Inc. , girls learn how to look behind the scenes and messages that advertisements are producing in order to reconcile their own bodies with the view of â€Å"perfection† presented by the media. The programs already in place have been found to be very effective; â€Å"College-age women have been the main focus, but 10-11 year-old girls are the most important target so that they can have these [critical] processes going on before internalizations of messages have really started,† Cutler explained. But what sorts of standards do the media portray for women who are not white and not upper class, and how does this affect the body images of women in these groups? This question, Cutler has found, is one that is not always well addressed in the scholarly material she has read. I realized at some point in my research that I had been universalizing the experience of a particular set of girls privileged by their race and, even more so, socioeconomic background. It did not help that this blind-spot was reflected back to me in some of my research,† Cutler said. While she asserts that certain standards of beauty are universal throughout the country and across all demographic s, Cutler believes that media literacy programs should take racial and socioeconomic backgrounds more into consideration. Different groups have different issues and concerns, she said. For example, overeating is a real issue as an eating disorder, especially for lower-class women. How does this fact change the women’s relationship to the beauty ideal? Cutler is reading studies about the body image problem among women in the U. S. as well as evaluations of media literacy programs. She recommends greater sensitivity to the concerns of non-white, non-upper-class groups in order to increase the effectiveness of media literacy programs. How to cite The Media’s Effect on Women’s Body Image, Essay examples

Potential Role of Racial Discrimination †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Potential Role of Racial Discrimination. Answer: Introduction The Rohingya humanitarian crisis was due to violence that escalated in the state of Myanmar Rakhine that caused a lot of suffering which could be categorized on a catastrophic scale. Rohingya is one of the ethnic minority found in the state of Myanmar. At the start of 2017, the number totaled to about one million in the country. Most of the Rohingya people live in Rakhine state, and they make up the highest proportion of Muslims in the whole region of Myanmar. The Rohingya crisis is one of the fastest growing refugee crisis in the world (Zarni et al. 685). Since August 2017, more than half a million Rohingya residents have fled their country to the neighboring Bangladesh nation. They claim their homes are being destroyed and are facing significant persecution from the Myanmar military. However, Myanmar military claims they do not target the Rohingya civilians but the militants. Therefore, risking all, they walk on foot or by sea for many days for fear of losing their lives. This pape r, thus, discusses the history, culture, religion, and political regime evolution of Myanmar. The reason why Burma changed its name to Myanmar, how the Rohingya crisis happened, possible warnings signs, nations affected, reactions by the international community, use of diplomacy, and the countries/international organizations actively involved. Myanmar culture has received substantial influence from the Mon people and Buddhism. Also, Westernization and the British colonial influenced significantly various aspects of the Burmese culture, specifically on education and language. The Burmese culture as well has been influenced heavily by their neighbors, specifically China and India (Kaung 45). Myanmar is primarily a Theravada Buddhist country. It was adopted from India together with Hinduism and when the Christian era was being introduced in the region. All these religions, as well as the indigenous animism, interacted but Buddhist emerged to be the most predominant. Christianity came into existence in the 1800s brought by the European missionaries. It is estimated about 85% population of Myanmar practice Buddhism although a substantial number of animists, Hindus, Christians, and Muslims still exist (Smith 43). Therefore, in a single neighborhood its common to see churches, temples, mosques, and pagodas nearby. History and political regime evolution of Myanmar Myanmar consists of over 100 ethnic groups with their different languages and dialects. The majority of the groups speak Burmese. However, English is also extensively spoken in some regions like in urban centers and tourist hubs. The Myanmar nation fell into colonialism in the 19th century under the British colonial rule. It eventually became independent in 1948 as the Union of Burma. However, it entered a period of civil war immediately as the central government was dominated majorly by the Burmese group and, therefore, the ethnic minorities fought against its dominance. In 1962, the then new leader, Ne Win, constitutionalized new policies which feel under the umbrella of the slogan; the Burmese Road to Socialism. Come 1972; the name was converted to the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma. Eventually, in 1988, after the civil unrest, the name was changed again by the Myanmar government to the Union of Myanmar (Aung-Thwin 78). Myanmar changed its name officially to Burma in 1989 by the State Law and Order Restoration Council through the Adaptation of Expression Law. Initially, it was referred to as Union of Burma, but now its called the Union of Myanmar. Although up to date the names are used interchangeably. For instance, Australia and Canada still call it Burma while the United Nations (UN) and the Asian countries refer to it as Myanmar. The word Myanmar usually indicates the land in the literal meaning. Therefore, the government decided to call it so because the change considered all the ethnic groups together with their strange feelings and culture. Thus, their main aim was the establishment of national identity (Dittmer 7) involving all the countrys ethnic groups. Secondly, they wanted to excise the influence of names created by the British during the colonial times. The name Burma was spelled by the British and other Burmese town names were also changed. For instance, Moulmein to Mawlamyine and Rango on to Yangon. The Rohingya reached one million at the beginning of the year 2017 in Myanmar. It was one of the minority ethnic groups in the country with the highest percentage of Muslims. They believe to be descendants of Arab traders who traded in that region for many years. Also, they have their own unique culture and language as compared to other ethnic minorities. The Rohingya crisis began when the Myanmar government refused to recognize them as legal citizens (Zawacki 18). Myanmar is predominantly a Buddhist country, and in the 2014 census, they excluded Rohingya as non-citizens. According to the government, they are illegal immigrants originating from Bangladesh. The Myanmar military, therefore, started fighting the Rohingya militants as well as the civilians, although they denied doing so. Before the latest crisis in 2017, the Rohingya kept on fleeing Myanmar due to the communal violence and abuses they experienced from the security forces. The plight of August, 25th 2017 was as a result o f Rohingyas Arsa militants attacking of over 30 police posts in Myanmar (Khin 47). As such, the people of Myanmar responded by sending troops backed majorly by the local Buddhist mobs who attacked and killed them as well as burning their villages. Possible warning signs Since independence, Rohingya community has experienced social and legal discrimination. The majority of Myanmar population is made up of Buddhist and Rohingya being Muslims; they were segregated (Willis 82). There has also been economic tension between these two communities since the government stripped them of their citizenship and right to self-identity. They also are prohibited from traveling and marrying without authorization and working outside their villages. All these incidences acted as signs of a possible crisis against the Rohingya community. The Rohingya crisis is a problem that has tremendously impacted various nations especially the neighboring countries. It does not only distress the Myanmar state but also the economic and security trends of the countries in the region as it creates an unstable economic and political arena that impacts the development negatively in the area. The greatest affected nations are; Malaysia, Thailand, and Bangladesh which are directly feeling the spillover effects (Rahman 235). The Rohingya crisis, therefore, seizes to be a domestic problem for Myanmar only but now its an international problem which requires immediate attention. Various international communities as well have come together to aid in assistance of the matter. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), made up of Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, Philippines, and Indonesia, and contributes significantly in changing its member states political behavior. The most critical problem currently is the conflict between the Muslims and Buddhists especially targeting the minority ethnic groups. ASEAN, therefore, have a crucial role in ensuring preventive diplomacy measures are implemented (Arendshorst 102). Structural and legal reforms by the Myanmar government are essential as they will put an end to the ever-worsening Rohingya refugee crisis thereby stopping political violence against the Rohingyas. Reactions by the international community The Rohingya crisis was so pronounced that the international community such as UN and UNHCR had to come in and offer assistance and aid where necessary (Jeihan 6). The refugee population of about one million people needed shelter and food. Children under five years suffered from severe acute malnutrition-about 21, 677. Therefore, they were offered the right medication to improve their health. Those below 15 years (about 315, 00) received a five-in-one vaccination covering whooping cough, tetanus, and diphtheria. They also set up temporary emergency latrines in the Bangladesh military and many metric tons of aid were delivered throughout the harsh period the refugees endured in the camps. Other international communities as well, such as the European Union (EU) have given financial and material aid to help curb the dire situation. The EU as well offers assistance to the refugees located in the Coxs Bazar district of Bangladesh through the international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the United Nations. The ECHO foundation in 2017 as well funded several projects in the Rakhine State that addressed numerous needs such as shelter, sanitation, health services, water, food, and nutrition. Use of diplomacy and the nations/international organizations actively involved The United Nations was at the forefront of ensuring this crisis experienced by the Rohingya came to an end. The situation was labeled by the UN as the worlds fastest-growing refugee crisis. Various nations and international organizations joined hands in condemning the actions undertaken by the Myanmar government although sanction talks have been muted for long (Sarkin and Mare 371). For instance, the UN Security Council did not impose any sanctions despite the fact that they urged the Myanmar government to stop the looming violence. They believed that there was an act of genocide carried out by the state military forces against the Rohingya Muslims. On the other hand, the US asked the military troops to ensure the rule of law was respected and followed to the latter. They urged them to stop civilian displacement from all the ethnic minority communities. China supports the decisions carried out by Myanmar, and it believes other international community should as well encourage Myanmar in safeguarding and protecting its national development and political stability. On the other side, Bangladesh provided shelter for the refugees and built more shelters especially at the Coxs Bazaar area (Parnini 291). The UK as well offered support to the refugees and asked for military action withdraw in Rakhine. So far, no diplomatic negotiation has seen the crisis come to an end (Brooten 136). The human rights as well have been silent on the matter. Steps in mitigation of the Rohingya crisis The Rohingya crisis has led to adverse effects in several sectors of the economy. Not only to the affected individuals but also to the whole community and the neighboring nations. Therefore, to mitigate this crisis, it is critical to enumerate possible steps that can lead to the end of the crisis. Limiting dissemination of false information that causes more tension. The domestic and International media outlets should avoid spreading information that is not verified as well as making generalizations on the ethnoreligious groups, especially on social media. However, the human right agencies, international diplomats, and media outlets should be at the forefront of highlighting the plight of the Rohingya people. Through this, they can solicit for help hence help stop the crisis. Building constructive relations between various ethnic groups through non-violent approaches such as initiating public information campaigns that can raise awareness on the importance of co-existence. The awareness also should focus on teaching the people of Myanmar the aftermaths of such violence such as the suffering it causes especially to children and women. The campaigns can be carried out by the International agencies as well as the Myanmar government. Creating and implementing rules and regulations that prohibits discrimination on ethnic lines. The rules would ensure any person who engages in an action leading or perpetuating violence against the minority ethnic groups would face charges (Ragland 301). Additionally, the signing of agreements and commitments between the Muslim and Buddhist leaders would go a long way in bringing the crisis to an end. Also, advocating for tolerance by the community despite the ethnic group that one comes from, hence, fighting for democracy especially the two key pillars which are diversity and inclusion. Conclusion Rohingyas are the minority Muslim group in Myanmar. The Rohingya crisis which started 35 years ago has been described as a long overdue problem that could have been solved by now. However, the majority of the international communities remain mute on the issue as they are not advocating for the end of the problem. The Rohingya crisis is a human rights crisis having adverse humanitarian consequences. The people of Rohingya have limited viable livelihood opportunities as well as limited access to essential services and as such their living conditions are deplorable. The Myanmar government also have denied them citizenship rights, and they have restricted their free movement. Rohingya to date remains one of the biggest stateless population worldwide (Robinson 17). It is crucial, therefore, for the Myanmar government and international organizations to join hands and come up with steps that can be used in mitigation the crisis, thereby bringing the Rohingya crisis to an end. References Arendshorst, John. "The dilemma of non-interference: Myanmar, human rights, and the ASEAN charter." Nw. UJ Int'l Hum. Rts. 8 (2009): 102. Aung-Thwin, Michael, and Maitrii Aung-Thwin. History of Myanmar since ancient times: Traditions and transformations. Reaktion Books, 2013. 1-334. Brooten, Lisa. "Blind Spots in Human Rights Coverage: Framing Violence Against the Rohingya in Myanmar/Burma." Popular Communication 13.2 (2015): 132-144. Dittmer, Lowell. "Burma vs. Myanmar: What's in a Name?" Burma or Myanmar? The Struggle for National Identity. 2010. 1-20. Jeihan, Zamzami A. Karim1Ali, et al. "UN role in the fight violation human rights: case study regarding the Rohingya in Myanmar." International Conference on Social Politics. 2016. 1-17. Kaung, U. Thaw. The aspects of Myanmar History and Culture. Loka Ahlinn Publishing House, 2010.1-298. Khin, Tun. "Rohingya: A Preventable Genocide Allowed to Happen." Insight Turkey 19.4 (2017): 43-53. Parnini, Syeda Naushin. "The crisis of the Rohingya as a Muslim minority in Myanmar and bilateral relations with Bangladesh." Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 33.2 (2013): 281-297. Ragland, Thomas K. "Burma's Rohingyas in Crisis: Protection on Humanitarian Refugees under International Law." BC Third World LJ 14 (1994): 301. Rahman, Utpala. "The Rohingya refugee: A security dilemma for Bangladesh." Journal of Immigrant Refugee Studies 8.2 (2010): 233-239. Robinson, Ian G., and Iffat S. Rahman. "The unknown fate of the stateless Rohingya." Oxford Monitor of Forced Migration 2.2 (2012): 16-20. Sarkin, Jeremy, and Marek Pietschmann. "Legitimate Humanitarian Intervention under International Law in the Context of the Current Human Rights and Humanitarian Crisis in Burma (Myanmar)." Hong Kong LJ 33 (2003): 371. Smith, Donald Eugene. Religion and politics in Burma. Princeton University Press, 2015. 1-233. Willis, Nathan. "The potential role of racial discrimination law in Myanmar." Forced Migration Review 45 (2014): 82. Zarni, Maung, and Alice Cowley. "The slow-burning genocide of Myanmar's Rohingya." Pac. Rim L. Pol'y J. 23 (2014): 683. Zawacki, Benjamin. "Defining Myanmar's Rohingya Problem." Hum. Rts. Brief 20 (2012): 18.

Overview of Abdul Monem Limited free essay sample

Assignment On: An overview of a Bangladeshi Marketing Organization (Abdul Monem Limited) Prepared for: Shahriar Kabir Assistant Professor, IBA (JU) Course Instructor: Marketing Management Prepared by: MD. Zahidul Alam Class ID: 1807 Batch: 19th INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION JAHANGIRNAGAR UNIVERSITY Date of submission: July 02, 2011 Abdul Monem Ltd (AML) is one of the largest and the most successful corporate houses in Bangladesh maintaining leadership position in all their business ventures. AML is specialized in the construction of highways, bridges, buildings, airports and electric transmission line. They successfully completed projects over 30 years financed by foreign agencies like ADB, WB, JBIC and GoB. AML is the authorized bottler for the Coca-Cola, Fanta and Sprite. AML manufactures Igloo ice-cream, a pioneer in ice cream industries in Bangladesh. Started as a Construction Contractor in 1956 and later diversified to food sector Abdul Monem Limited proudly represents brands like Coca-Cola, Igloo, AmoMilk and Danone that are the milestones to our quest to provide the best and quality products to our thousands consumers. Year of Establishment: 1956 Business Line: †¢Construction Contractors for the Roads Highways, Bridges Culverts, Highrise Buildings, Factory Buildings, Flood Embankment, Hydraulic Structures, Operation Maintenance Toll collection. †¢Bottler of Coca-Cola, Fanta, Sprite, Sunfill Mango Juice Kinley Drinking Water. †¢Manufacturer of Igloo ice cream, Manufacturer of AmoMilk liquid pasteurized milk. †¢Manufacture of Igloo Ghee. †¢Trading Distributing product of Danone Brands. †¢Abdul Monem Foundation †¢Aml Trading Distribution Unit †¢Igloo Foods Ltd. †¢Abdul Monem Sugar Refinery Limited Group turnover: BDT 400 Crore. Group Management: Mr. Abdul Monem is the founder of the Company and empowered CEO of the Group. A Civil Engineer by profession Mr. Abdul Monem masterminded the whole Group and its expansion and diversification to this venture. His descendants Mr. A. S. M. Mainuddin Monem a Business Graduate from Harvard Business School, USA, and Mr. A. S. M Mohiuddin Monem an Industrial Engineer from North Eastern University, USA are the key management people and responsible for the Finance, Administration and Operational activities of the Group. Mission and Vision: The mission of Abdul Monem Limited is to build a business venture committed to achieve the highest quality of products and services for the betterment of the society. This includes dedication to enhancing the existing operation, exploration and creation of newer profitable ventures with full respect for the wisdom and ethics of true and transparent business practice as well as development of personal and institutional professional leadership. AML aims at providing the society, significant new capabilities for successful careers to all. Overview: Since inception the company has gone a long way. Abdul Monem Limited is the flagship company of itself. Driven with the mission statement the company gradually increased its activities over the years. During its journey the company has faced a lot of difficulties but with the strong management approach the company managed to survive. Generating more revenue was not the only concern of AML. The motto was to build a dream as described in the mission statement. Abdul Monem Limited started the business line as the infrastructure development contractor. Over the decades Abdul Monem Limited has successfully accomplished many projects including projects aided by the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, Japan Bank for International Cooperation and Islamic Development Bank. In recognition to our commitment for work excellence we have been able to initiate projects in joint ventures and receive many rewards for the achievements. To achieve the end destination AML has diversified itself and these diversified activities allowed the company to come close to the people and involved in many development activities. Some of these activities are given below: AML Contribution at Nation Building: The company has contributed a lot in nation building since its inception. These includes Construction Contractors for the Roads Highways, Bridges Culverts, High-rise Buildings, Factory Buildings, Flood Embankment, Hydraulic Structures, Operation Maintenance Toll collection, establishment of educational institutions, religious infrastructure and micro credit operation. Most of these activities directly contributed in building the nation and some of these indirectly helped the country by developing the education level, poverty elevation, capacity building and infrastructure development. Development of roads and highways, bridges culverts, flood embankment helped the country in building the infrastructure and communication system while high rise buildings and factories helped people of this country in generating employment. Those in the end contributed a lot in developing the nation. Contribution to GDP: According the World Bank report last year GDP was (US$ billions) 62 where AML turn over was BDT 400 crore. These are the direct contribution. But the company has opened many windows in the economy to increase the GDP. Developed infrastructure is playing a significant role in Bangladesh economy. As communication became easy people from rural places can get the modern facility of easily. With the help of modern machine and technology our GDP has increased significantly over the years. Employment opportunity: About 10000 people are directly working in AML in various projects and companies. And the company has opened many windows in public and private sector to employ thousands. With the micro credit operation AML is motivating under privileged people in developing various labour oriented projects, small medium enterprises and cottage industry which can generate more employment opportunity in the rural areas. Micro credit operation: In recent years AML has introduced micro credit operation to remove poverty. AML has made the credit facility so simple that one can easily take loan without much hassle and without mortgage or collateral. AML is not finishing the job after the loan disbursement; it makes sure that the borrower can make the most of the loan. That’s why AML provide sufficient training on various projects. The objective is to build the strength of under privileged people to face poverty. AML believes in teaching the technique, â€Å"how to catch a fish† rather than providing the fish. AML is running the micro credit operation in B. Baria as a pilot project. After the successful implementation AML has plan of replicating the project throughout the whole country. Other than the above mentioned activities AML is working closely with the government in many issues like disaster removal, removal of national calamity etc. Contribution to national calamity: AML has always expanded its hands in facing the national calamity. Whenever the nation faced any natural disaster, flood or any other calamity AML got itself involved in the relief activity. AML has distributed Relief among the flood affected people in the year 1988, 1998, 2001 and 2007. This year AML has distributed the relief to cover the most affected people. Moreover 52 Lac liter drinking water was distributed among the affected people this year. These were highly appreciated by different media. Disaster removal activities: AML was never far away from participation in national emergency as it has participated in rescue operation in the Army Salvage Operation in the Building collapse of Spectra Garments. All recovery equipments were provided by Abdul Monem Ltd. in 2005. Corporate Social Responsibilities: AML was never far away from people. Throughout its journey it has engaged itself in many activities that helped people. As a part of these activities AML has opened a new wing named Abdul Monem Foundation at Brahman Baria which is working closely with the people to remove food for the poor people. School, College and Madrasha are successfully running under this Foundation where the students get free study. One orphanage is also running under the banner of AM Foundation where about 3000 orphans are being taken care of. poverty, develop infrastructure, capacity building, increase the level of education and ensure. AML’s ORGANOGRAM: